After the third partition of Poland-Lithuania (1795) and the Napoleonic Wars, the future of the Polish territories was decided during the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815). The borders of the country divided then among the three partitioning powers, Russia, Prussia and Austria, agreed in Vienna, lasted until the First World War. The "Polish question" at the Congress of Vienna is discussed in this volume by historians from Poland, Austria, Germany, and the Czech Republic. The volume is rounded off with a chapter on the Congress of Vienna from one of the first Polish-language descriptions of Vienna (published in 1821), written by Edward Lubomirski (1796-1823), an eyewitness to the Congress.